| English |
ITRANS |
Sanskrit |
Meaning |
| J |
|
|
|
| jada |
jaDa |
jf |
inert, lifeless. |
| jagat |
jagat |
jgt! |
the world (earth), mankind etc. |
| jagrat |
jAgrat |
ja¢t! |
the waking state of consciousness. The "waker ego" is called vishva. See also, sushupti, svapna, turiya. |
| jalpa |
jalpa |
jLp |
talk, speech, discourse; disputation with 'overbearing and disputed rejoinder'; arguing for the sake of winning, irrespective of who is right. (Three types of disputation: jalpa, vitaNDa, vAda.) |
| janana |
janana |
jnn |
birth. |
| janma |
janma |
jNm |
birth. |
| japa |
japa |
jp |
the simple repetition of a mantra; usually associated with the initial stage of meditation. See mantra. |
| jara |
jarA |
jra |
old age. |
| jati |
jAti |
jait |
birth, the form of existence (as man, animal etc.); genus or species. |
| jijnasa |
jij~nAsA |
ij}asa |
the desire to know (oneself). One who desires to know oneself; a seeker is called a jij~nAsu. |
| jiva |
jIva |
jIv |
the identification of the Atman with a body and mind; sometimes spoken of as "the embodied Atman." See atman. |
| jivanmukti |
jIvanmukti |
jIvNmui´ |
(mukta is the adjective - liberated; mukti is the noun - liberation) the emotional benefits of Self-knowledge; the 'secondary' gain of enlightenment (dependent upon whether the seeker was fully qualifies according to sAdhana chatuShTaya sampatti. A jIvanmukta is one is both enlightened and who lives with these benefits, which manifest in outward love and compassion. |
| jivatman |
jIvAtman |
jIvaTmn! |
another word for Atman, to emphasise that we are referring to the Atman in this 'embodied state', as opposed to the paramAtman, the "supreme Self." See atman. |
| jnana (yoga) (note that jnana is often written gyana) |
j~nAna |
}an |
yoga based on the acquisition of true knowledge (j~nAna means "knowledge") i.e. knowledge of the Self as opposed to mere information about the world of appearances (vidyA). See also bhakti, karma. |
| jnana kanda |
j~nAna kANDa |
}an ka{f |
those sections of the Vedas concerned with knowledge, i.e. the Upanishads. |
| jnana nishta |
j~nAna niShThA |
}an inóa |
the full and final knowledge that this Self is all that there is. |
| jnanendriya |
j~nAnendriya |
}aneiNÔy |
an organ of perception (eye, ear, nose, tongue, skin), plural j~nAnendryAni. |
| jnani or jnanin |
j~nAnI or j~nAnin |
}anI }ainn! |
literally, one who is endowed with knowledge or intelligence; a sage; often used to refer to one who is enlightened. (j~nAnin is the prAtipadika j~nAnI is the nominative singular pada.) See jnana (yoga). |
| jnatri |
j~nAtRRi |
}at& |
one who knows or understands; also sometimes used interchangeably with sAkShin (witness). |
| jneya |
j~neya |
}ey |
heart, seat of feelings and sensations; heart or essence of something; true or divine knowledge. |
| jyotis |
jyotis |
Jyaeits! |
light (of sun, dawn, lightning etc.); fire; light as the divine principle of life, intelligence. |
| K |
|
|
|
| Kailssa |
kailAsa |
kElas |
fabled paradise of Shiva in the Himalayas. |
| kaivalya |
kaivalya |
kEvLy |
absolute unity, detachment of the soul from further transmigration, leading to eternal happiness or emancipation. |
| kala |
kAla |
kal |
time |
| Kali yuga |
kali yuga |
kil yug |
the present and final age (Iron age) in a cycle of creation (followed by dissolution - pralaya -and start again). See kalpa. |
| kalpa |
kalpa |
kLp |
one day in the life of Brahma, the Creator; equal to 994 cycles of ages and 4,320,000,000 years. |
| kalpita |
kalpita |
kiLpt |
made, fabricated, artificial; invented; supposed; inferred. |
| kama |
kAma |
kam |
desire, longing; one of the four puruShArtha-s. Shankara differentiates this from rAga: rAga is attachment to something one already has whereas kAma is wanting something one doesn't have. (Not to be confused with karma.) See purushartha. |
| kamya |
kAmya |
kaMy |
desirable, agreeable; more usually encountered in the context of 'action' - kAmya karma means actions prompted by desire or the wish for personal benefit, as opposed to nitya karma, done out of a sense of duty. |
| kanda |
kANDa |
ka{f |
part or section, division of a work or book, especially relating to the Vedas. |
