| English |
ITRANS |
Sanskrit |
Meaning |
| P |
|
|
|
| pramiti |
pramiti |
àimit |
correct notion, right conception, knowledge gained or established by pramANa. |
| prana |
prANa |
àa[ |
literally the "breath of life"; the vital force in the body with which we identify in the "vital sheath." |
| pranamayakosha |
prANamayakosha |
àa[mykaez |
the sheath made of breath (one of the "five Coverings" that surround our true essence). |
| pranava |
praNava |
à[v |
mystical or sacred symbol (OM); OM is usually called praNava shabda, though either word separately can also be use with the same meaning. praNu means "to make a humming or droning sound." It is also said that praNava means 'ideal name'. It is the 'ideal name' for brahman because it represents both the saguNa aspects (in the actual word OM) and the nirguNa aspects (in the silence that follows). |
| pranayama |
prANAyAma |
àa[ayam |
usually understood to mean control of breathing in advanced yoga techniques or as a prelude to meditation. According to Swami Chinmayananda, however, it does not mean this but relates to the five "departments" of active life: prANayAma, pratyAhAra, nitya-anitya-viveka, japa and samAdhi. |
| pranidhana |
praNidhAna |
ài[xan |
meditation on/contemplation of/devotion to Ishvara. One of the five niyama-s of rAja yoga. |
| prapancha |
prapa~ncha |
àp |
the visible world; appearance, diversity, phenomenon. |
| prapta |
prApta |
àaÝ |
attained, acquired, accomplished. prAptasya prApta is gaining something which has already been gained (as oppose to aprAptasya prApta - gaining something that one does not have); the expression is used of mokSha, enlightenment. |
| prarabdha |
prArabdha |
àarBx |
This literally means "begun" or "undertaken." It is the fruit of all of our past action that is now having its effect. This is one of the three types of saMskAra (see agamin, sanchita, sanskara). Also, there are three types of prArabdha karma - ichChA, anichChA and parechChA (personally desired, without desire and due to others' desire). |
| prasada |
prasAda |
àsad |
refers to the food offered to a god (idol) or that left by a spiritual teacher which may now be eaten by the disciple as a token; (more generally) clearness, brighteness, calmness, tranquility, serenity, graciousness. |
| prasthana-traya |
prasthAna traya |
àSwan Çy |
prasthAna means "system" or "course" in the sense of a journey; traya just means "threefold." It refers to the three sources of knowledge of the Self (shabda), nyAya prasthAna, shruti and smRRiti. See nyaya prasthana, shabda, shruti, smriti. |
| pratama |
prathama |
àwm |
first, foremost; earliest, primary, original, prior, former; intial, chief, principal. |
| pratibandhaka |
pratibandhaka |
àitbNxk |
impediment, obstacle (usuaually in relation to gaining j~nAna phalam). |
| pratibhasa (noun)pratibhasika (adj.) |
pratibhAsa prAtibhAsika |
àitÉas àaitÉaisk |
appearing or occurring to the mind, existing only in appearance, an illusion. See paramartha, vyavahara. |
| pratibimba |
pratibimba |
àitibMb |
a reflection. In logic, bimba is the object itself, with the pratibimba being the counterpart with which it is compared. |
| pratibimba-vada |
pratibimba vAda |
àitibMb vad |
the theory that the jIva is a reflection of the atman, similar to a the reflection of an object in a mirror (bimba). |
| pratijna |
pratij~nA |
àit}a |
(in logic) an assertion or proposition to be proved. |
| pratipadya - pratipadaka sambandha |
pratipAdya pratipAdaka sambandha |
àitpa* àitpadk sMbNx |
refers to that type of knowledge where the knowledge itself brings about the goal without the need for any action. pratipAdya means "that which is to be explained or revealed"; pratipAdaka means "that which reveals, explaining or demonstrating"; sambandha means "relationship." |
| pratiyogin |
pratiyogin |
àityaeign! |
any object dependent upon another and not existing without it. |
| pratyabhijna |
pratyabhij~nA |
àTyiÉ}a |
recognition. |
| pratyagatman |
pratyagAtman |
àTygaTmn! |
the individual soul. |
| pratyahara |
pratyAhAra |
àTyahar |
withdrawal of the senses from external objects. |
| pratyaksha |
pratyakSha |
àTy] |
"present before the eyes, clear, distinct etc." but particularly "direct perception or apprehension" as a valid source of knowledge. Opposite of pArokSha, hidden. See pramana. |
| pratyaya |
pratyaya |
àTyy |
belief, firm conviction, certainty; basis or cause of anything; experience or cognition e.g. Atmapratyaya - the 'I' experience. |
| pravritti |
pravRRitti |
àv&iÄ |
active life, following one's desires (pravRRitti mArga as opposed to the path to enlightenment - nivRRitti mArga). |
| prayaschitta |
prAyashchitta |
àayiíÄ |
atonement, expiation, amends, penance. |
| prayojana |
prayojana |
àyaejn |
motive or purpose; utility. |
| prema |
prema |
àem |
love, in its pure, unselfish form (as opposed to moha). |
| preyas |
preyas |
àeys! |
the 'pleasant' as opposed to the 'good'; more agreeable, more desired. |
| prithak |
pRRithak |
p&wkœ |
apart, separately, differently. |
| prithivi |
pRRithivI |
p&iwvI |
earth - one of the five elements or pa~nchabhUta. Associated with smell. |
| priya |
priya |
iày |
love, kindness, pleasure. |
| puja |
pUjA |
pUja |
honor, worship, respect, reverence. |
| punarapi |
punarapi |
punrip |
ever again (punar - again, once more, repeatedly; api - further emphasis). As in punarapi jananam, punarapi maraNam to indicate saMsAra (janana = birth, maraNa = death). |
| punya |
puNya |
pu{y |
literally "good" or "virtuous"; used to refer to the "reward" that accrues to us (according to the theory of karma) through the performing of unselfish actions. See also papa. |
| purna |
pUrNa |
pU[R |
full, complete, satisfied, perfect. |
| purusha |
puruSha |
pué; |
person (usually male), spirit. |
| purushartha |
puruShArtha |
pué;awR |
The general meaning of this term is "any object of human pursuit" but it is used here in the sense of human (i.e. self) effort to overcome "fate," the fruit of one's past actions. The four classical pursuits are kAma, artha, dharma and mokSha. puruShArtha-labha is fulfillment of those pursuits. See karma, sanskara. |
| purusha-tantra |
puruSha tantra |
pué; tÙ |
subjective, the result of 'doing' (as opposed to vastu-tantra). See also kartRRi-tantra. |
| purva |
pUrva |
pUvR |
former, preceding. |
| Purva mimamsa |
pUrva mImAMsA |
pUvR mIma<sa |
the philosophical system based upon the first part of the Vedas and attributed to Jaimini. Mainly concerned with enquiring into the nature of dharma or right action. See mimamsa, uttaramimamsa. |
| purvapaksha |
pUrvapakSha |
pUvRp] |
the first objection to an assertion in any discussion or, more generally, the "objector" in a debate. |
