| English |
ITRANS |
Sanskrit |
Meaning |
| V |
|
|
|
| vichara |
vichAra |
ivcar |
consideration, reflection, deliberation, investigation. vichAra mArga is translated as "Direct Path". |
| videha |
videha |
ivdeh |
bodiless, incorporeal, dead; videha mukti is deliverance by release from the body (death). |
| vidhi |
vidhi |
ivix |
formula, injunction, rule, precept, law; any prescribed act, rite or ceremony; mode of conduct or behavior. |
| vidya |
vidyA |
iv*a |
knowledge, science, learning, philosophy (as opposed to j~nAna, which rather refers to direct self-knowledge. Atma j~nAna). Atma-vidyA or brahma-vidyA is the objective knowledge of the Self taught by the scriptures and guru. |
| Vidyaranya |
vidyAraNya |
iv*ar{y |
author of the Panchadashi. |
| vijati |
vijAti |
ivjait |
literally belonging to another caste or tribe; dissimilar or heterogeneous. |
| vijnana |
vij~nAna |
iv}an |
discerning, understanding, comprehending; "right apprehension" in the case of nididhyAsana as opposed to dhyAna. vij~nAna vAda is the philosophical theory of Idealism. |
| vijnanamayakosha |
vij~nAnamayakosha |
iv}anmykaez |
the intellectual sheath (one of the five "coverings" that surround our true essence). |
| vikalpa |
vikalpa |
ivkLp |
doubt, uncertainty or indecision. |
| vikara |
vikAra |
ivkar |
transformation, modification, change of form or nature. Also vikAratva - the state of change; and vikAravat - undergoing changes. |
| vikarma |
vikarma |
ivkmR |
prohibited, unlawful - actions that must be avoided. |
| vikshepa |
vikShepa |
iv]ep |
the "projecting" power of mAyA. In the rope-snake metaphor, this superimposes the image of the snake upon the rope. See avarana, maya. |
| vilakshana |
vilakShaNa |
ivl][ |
different from; not admitting of exact definition. |
| viparita |
viparIta |
ivprIt |
reversed, inverted, perverse, wrong; contrary; false, untrue. viparIta lakShaNa is using a word in the opposite sense, i.e sarcasm. |
| viparyasa |
viparyAsa |
ivpyaRs |
imagining what is unreal or false to be real or true; error backed by ignorance; self-ignorance plus self-delusion. |
| viparyaya |
viparyaya |
ivpyRy |
error, misapprehension, mixing up the nature of one thing with another or mistaking something to be the opposite of what it actually is (literally reversed, inverted). |
| viraj or virat |
virAj or virAT |
ivraj! ivraqœ |
gross, macrocosmic equivalent of vishva (vaishvAnara) at the level of creation. |
| virama |
virAma |
ivram |
In Sanskrit, the diagonal mark underneath a consonant to indicate that it is not to be sounded with a vowel after it. The literal meaning is "cessation, termination or end." (All consonants are sounded with 'a' by default, unless indicated otherwise.) A consonant with such a mark is called a halanta consonant. (The term also refers to the single vertical mark to indicate the end of a sentence or single line of a verse of poetry.) |
| virodha |
virodha |
ivraex |
opposition hostility; a (logical) contradiction or inconsistency. |
| visarga |
visarga |
ivsgR |
this literally means "sending out" or "emission." In Sanskrit, it is represented as aH but is not actually a letter and does not occur on its own. Its effect is to add a brief, breathing out sound after the vowel sound associated with a consonant; represented by two dots placed to the right of the associated letter. |
| vishaya |
viShaya |
iv;y |
object of sensory perception; any subject or topic; the subject of an argument. (not to be confused with vishaya, with a palatal 'sh', meaning 'doubt or uncertainty). Adjective - viShayika. |
| vishesha (noun);visheshana (adj) |
visheSha visheShaNa |
ivze; ivze;[ |
literally "distinction" or "difference between"; particular or specific. The Vaisheshika philosophy believes that the material universe is made up of nine substances, each of which is "essentially different" from any other. See Vaisheshika.adjective - distinguishing, specifying, qualifiying. |
| visheshya |
visheShya |
ivze:y |
(noun) that which is to be distinguished (from something else). |
| vishishta |
vishiShTa |
ivizò |
distinguished, particular, excellent (as in yoga vashiShTa). |
| vishishtadvaita |
vishiShTAdvaita |
ivizòaÖEt |
qualified non-dualism; belief that God and the Atman are distinct but not separate. Ramanuja is the scholar most often associated with this philosophy. See advaita, dvaita. |
| vishvarupa |
vishvarUpa |
ivñêp |
manifold, various. |
| visva |
vishva |
ivñ |
the "waker ego" in the waking state of consciousness, jagrat. Also sometimes referred to as vaishvAnara. See also taijasa, prajna. |
| vitanda |
vitaNDa |
ivt{f |
cavil, fallacious controversy, perverse or frivolous argument, criticism; argument purely for the sake of winning the point (three types of disputation: jalpa, vitaNDa, vAda). |
| vivarana |
vivaraNa |
ivvr[ |
literally "explanation" or "interpretation"; name of one of the two schools of Advaita. The other school is the vAcaspati or bhAmati school. |
| vivarta |
vivarta |
ivvtR |
an apparent or illusory form; unreality caused by avidyA. |
